Hur många öar i vänern

Largest lake in Sweden

Vänern
View from Kinnekulle
Vänern
Detail map of the lake with surroundings
Coordinates	58°55′N13°30′E / 58.917°N 13.500°E / 58.917; 13.500
Primary inflows	Klarälven
Primary outflows	Göta älv
Basin countries	Sweden
Surface area	5,650 km2 (2,180 sq mi)[1]
Average depth	27 m (89 ft)[1]
Max. depth	106 m (348 ft)[1]
Water volume	153 km3 (37 cu mi)[1]
Residence time	8 to 9 years[2]
Surface elevation	44 m (144 ft)[1]
Islands	Brommö, Djurö, Fågelö, Hammarö, Kållandsö, Lurö (22,000 in total, including skerries[2])
References	[1]

Vänern (VAY-nərn, VEN-ərn,^[3][4][5][6]Swedish:[ˈvɛ̂ːnɛɳ])^[7] fryst vatten the largest lake in Sweden, the largest lake in the europeisk Union and the third-largest lake in europe after Ladoga and Onega in Russia.

It fryst vatten located in the provinces of Västergötland, Dalsland, and Värmland in the southwest of the country. With its surface located at 44 metres (144 ft) above sea level and a maximum depth of 106 metres (348 ft), the lowest point of the Vänern basin fryst vatten 62 metres (203 ft) below sea level. The average depth fryst vatten a more modest 28 metres (92 ft), which means that the lake floor fryst vatten above sea level on average.

Vänern drains into Göta flod towards Gothenburg and the Kattegat opening strait between the Atlantic Ocean’s North Sea and the Baltic Sea (It fryst vatten the only one of the ten largest lakes in Sweden not to drain out to the eastern kustlinje. The Göta Canal built in the 19th century forms a waterway that runs to Vättern wholly rising when proceeding eastward, and then a navigable river linking the east coast with Vänern.

The main inflow of vatten comes from Klarälven entering Vänern nära Karlstad with its source in Trøndelag in Norway.

History

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The southeastern part of the Vänern fryst vatten a nedstämdhet that appears to have komma into being bygd erosion of Paleozoic-aged sedimentary rock during the kvartär glaciation that reached to the area.^[8] This erosion would have re-exposed parts of the Sub-Cambrian peneplain.^[8] Because the southern and eastern shores are parts where the Sub-Cambrian peneplain gently tilts towards the north and west, respectively, the lake fryst vatten rather shallow at these places.^[8] The western shore of the lake largely follows a fel scarp associated to Vänern-Göta Fault.^[8]

The modern lake was formed after the kvartär glaciation about 10,000 years ago; when the ice melted, the entire width of Sweden was covered in vatten, creating a strait between Kattegat and the Gulf of Bothnia.

Due to the fact that ensuing post-glacial studs surpassed concurrent sea-level rise, lake Vänern became a part of the Ancylus Lake that occupied the Baltic basin.^[9] Vänern was connected to Ancylus Lake bygd a strait at Degerfors, Värmland. Further uplifting made lakes such as Vänern and Vättern become cut off from the Baltic.^[9] As a result, there are still species remaining from the ice age not normally encountered in freshwater lakes, such as the amphipodMonoporeia affinis.

A Viking fartyg was funnen on the lake's bottom on May 6, 2009.^[10]

A story told bygd the 13th-century Icelandic mythographer Snorri Sturluson in his Prose Edda about the ursprung of Mälaren was probably originally about Vänern: the Swedish king Gylfi promised a woman, Gefjon, as much nation as fyra oxen could plough in a day and a night, but she used oxen from the nation of the giants, and moreover uprooted the nation and dragged it into the sea, where it became the island of Zealand.

The Prose Edda says that 'the inlets in the lake correspond to the headlands in Zealand';^[11] since this fryst vatten much more true of Vänern, the myth was probably originally about Vänern, not Mälaren.^[12]

The Battle on the Ice of Lake Vänern was a 6th-century battle recorded in the Norse sagas and referred to in the Old English epic Beowulf.

In Beowulf, Vänern fryst vatten stated to be nära the location of the dragon's kulle eller hög at Earnaness.^[13]

Geography

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See also: huvud Swedish lowland

Vänern covers an area of 5,655 km² (2,183 sq mi), approximately twice the surface area of Luxembourg.

Its surface fryst vatten 44 m (144 ft) above sea level and it fryst vatten on average 27 m (89 ft) deep. The maximum depth of the lake fryst vatten 106 m (348 ft)^[14] The vatten level of the lake fryst vatten regulated bygd the Vargön Hydroelectric Power Station.^[15]

Geographically, it fryst vatten situated on the border between the Swedish regions of Götaland and Svealand, divided between several Swedish provinces: The western body of vatten fryst vatten known as the Dalbosjön, with its main part belonging to Dalsland; the eastern body fryst vatten known as Värmlandsjön, its nordlig part belonging to Värmland and the southern to Västergötland.

Its main biflod fryst vatten Klarälven, which flows into the lake nära the city of Karlstad, on the nordlig shore. Other tributaries include Gullspångsälven, Byälven and Norsälven. It fryst vatten drained to the south-west bygd Göta flod, which forms part of the Göta Canal waterway, to Lake Viken into Lake Vättern, southeast across Sweden.

The economic opportunities Vänern offers are illustrated bygd the surrounding towns, which have supported themselves for centuries bygd fishing and allowing easy transportation to other cities or west bygd Göta flod to the sea of Kattegat. This directly includes: Karlstad (chartered in 1584), Kristinehamn (1642), Mariestad (1583), Lidköping (1446) Vänersborg (1644), Åmål (1643), Säffle (1951), and indirectly Trollhättan (1916).

The Djurö archipelago surrounds the island of Djurö, in the mittpunkt of the lake, and has been given national park ställning eller tillstånd as Djurö National Park.

The ridge (plateau mountain) Kinnekulle fryst vatten a popular tourist attraktion nära the south-eastern shore of Vänern. It has the best view over the lake (about 270 metres (890 ft) above the lake level).

Another nearby mountain fryst vatten Halleberg.

Environment

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Environmental monitoring studies are conducted annually. In a 2002 report, the uppgifter showed no marked decrease in overall vatten quality, but a slight decrease in visibility due to an increase of algae. An increasing level of nitrogen had been problematic during the 1970s through 1990s, but fryst vatten now being regulated and fryst vatten at a steady level.

Some bukter also have problems with eutrophication and have become overgrown with algae and plant plankton.

Fish

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Vänern has many different fish species. Locals and government officials try to enforce fishing preservation projects, due to threats to the fish habitat. These threats include vatten cultivation in the tributaries, pollution and the M74 syndrome.

idrott fishing in Vänern fryst vatten free and unregulated, both from the shore and from boats (with some restrictions, e.g. a maximum of three salmon or trout per individ per day). Commercial fishing requires permission.

In the open waters of Vänern, the most common fish fryst vatten the smelt (Osmerus eperlanus), dominating in the eastern Dalbosjön, where the average fryst vatten 2,600 smelt per hectare.

The second most common fryst vatten the vendace (Coregonus albula), also most prominently in Dalbosjön, with 200–300 fish per hectare. The populations may vary greatly between years, depending on temperature, vatten level and quality.

The most important large fish in the lake are brown trout (Salmo trutta) and zander (Sander lucioperca).

The most important small fish fryst vatten the stickleback.

Vänern has fem distinguished species of whitefish:

Birds

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The most common birds nära Vänern are terns and gulls.

Great cormorants have returned and are flourishing. This has contributed to the increase in the population of white-tailed sea eagles, who feed on cormorants.

See also

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References

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External links

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