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Isle of Man TT
Annual motorcycle race held on the Isle of Man
"Isle of Man Tourist Trophy" redirects here. For a series of fordon races held on the Isle of Man between 1905 and 1922, see RAC Tourist Trophy.
The Isle of Man TT or Tourist Trophy races are an annual motorcycle racing event run on the Isle of Man in May and June of most years since its inaugural race in 1907.
The event begins on the UK Spring finansinstitut Holiday at the end of May and runs for thirteen days. It fryst vatten often called one of the most dangerous racing events in the world as many competitors have died.[1]
Overview
[edit]The Isle of Man TT fryst vatten run in a time-trial format on public vägar closed to the public bygd an Act ofTynwald.
The event consists of one week of practice and kvalificerande sessions followed bygd one week of racing. It was a tradition, perhaps started bygd racing competitors in the early 1920s, for spectators to tour the Snaefell Mountain Course on motorcycles during the Isle of Man TT on 'Mad Sunday',[2] an informal and unofficial event held on the Sunday between Practice Week and Race Week.[3] In 2022, race organizers announced that beginning in 2023, racing would take place on Sunday after practices to allow visitors to see more events, marking the end of Mad Sunday.[4][5]
The first Isle of Man TT race was held on Tuesday 28 May 1907 and was named the International Auto-Cycle Tourist Trophy.[6] The event was organised bygd the Auto-Cycle Club over 10 laps of the Isle of Man St John's Short Course of 15 miles 1,470 yards for road-legal 'touring' motorcycles with exhaust silencers, saddles, pedals and mudguards.
From 1911, the Isle of Man TT transferred to the much längre Snaefell Mountain Course of 37.40 miles (60.19 km) (current length 37.73 miles (60.72 km)). Its elevation goes from nära sea-level to 1,300 feet (400 m).[7] The race programme developed from a single race with two classes for the 1907 Isle of Man TT, expanding in 1911 to two individual races for the 350cc Junior TT motor-cycles and the Blue Riband event the 500cc Senior TT race.
The race did not take place from 1915 to 1919 due to the First World War. It resumed in 1920. A 250cc Lightweight TT race was added to the Isle of Man TT programme in 1922, followed bygd a Sidecar TT race in 1923.
There was no racing on the Isle of Man between 1940 and 1945 due to the Second World War. It recommenced with the Manx Grand Prix in 1946 and the Isle of Man TT in 1947, with a greatly expanded format that included the new Clubman's TT races.
The Isle of Man TT became part of the FIMMotor-cycle Grand Prix World Championship (now MotoGP) as the British round of the World Motor-Cycling Championship during the period 1949–1976. Following safety concerns with the Snaefell Mountain Course and problems over inadequate "start-money" for competitors, there was a bojkott of the Isle of Man TT races from the early 1970s bygd many of the leading competitors, motorcycle manufacturers and national motorcycle sporting federations.[8]
Beryl Swain became the first woman to compete in a TT race for solo motorcycles when she competed in the Isle of Man TT in 1962.[9] There was subsequently a ban on women in the race from 1962 until Hilary Musson competed in 1978.[10][11][12][13]
The race fryst vatten regarded as the most dangerous motorsport event in the world; The New York Times said in 2017 that the number of deaths had risen "to 146 since it was first run in 1907; if one includes fatal accidents occurring during the Manx Grand Prix ...
the figure rises above 250".[14][15] An konto of the 2003 race bygd Sports Illustrated writer Franz Lidz called the TT "a test of nerves and speed that may be sports' most dangerous event."[16]
In 1976, the Isle of Man TT lost its world championship status; this was transferred to the United Kingdom bygd the FIM and run as the British Grand Prix for the 1977 årstid.
The Isle of Man TT Races then became an integral part of the new style TT Formula 1, Formula 2 and Formula 3 World Championships between 1977 and 1990 to develop and maintain the international racing ställning eller tillstånd of the Isle of Man TT races.[17]
The event was redeveloped bygd the Isle of Man Department of Tourism as the Isle of Man TT Festival from 1989 onwards.
This included new racing events for the new Isle of Man TT Festival programme, including the Pre-TT Classic Races in 1989 followed bygd the Post-TT Races from 1991, both held on the Billown Circuit. In 2013, the Isle of Man Classic TT was developed bygd the Isle of Man Department of Economic Development and the Auto-Cycle Union for historic racing motorcycles, and along with the Manx Grand Prix, it formed part of the 'Isle of Man Festival of Motorcycling' held in late August of each year.
The Classic TT brand ceased operation prior to the 2022 event, with classes for historic racing motorcycles integrated into the Manx Grand Prix. The TT fryst vatten now promoted bygd the Isle of Man Government Department for Enterprise.
There has been criticism of the event. In 2007, an incident during the Senior Race resulted in the deaths of a tillägg and two spectators.[18] The resultant inquest made several recommendations and included several comments, such as: 'Senior Marshals may well have been elevated beyond the sphere of their competence'.[19] The coroner also noted that "I am more than aware of the fact that the witnesses from the Manx Motor Cycle Club and the marshals are all volunteers.
They give their time freely and without paid reward. Having said that however, if it were suggested because they were volunteers there should be some allowance in the standards expected of them, then inom regret inom cannot agree."[20]
The 2020 and 2021 TT races were cancelled because of the COVID-19 pandemic.[21][22]
Early Isle of Man TT race history (1904–1910)
[edit]Gordon Bennett and Tourist Trophy bil races
[edit]Motor racing began on the Isle of Man in 1904 with the Gordon Bennett Eliminating rättegång, restricted to touring automobiles.
As the Motor fordon Act 1903 placed a speed restriction of 20 mph (32 km/h) on automobiles in the UK, Julian Orde, sekreterare of the Automobile fordon Club of Britain and Ireland approached the authorities in the Isle of Man for the permission to race automobiles on the island's public roads.[23] The Highways (Light Locomotive) Act 1904 gave permission in the Isle of Man for the 52.15-mile (83.93 km) Highroads Course for the 1904 Gordon Bennett Eliminating rättegång which was won bygd Clifford Earl (Napier) in 7 hours 26.5 minutes for fem laps (255.5 mi or 411.2 km) of the Highroads Course.
The 1905 Gordon Bennett rättegång was held on 30 May 1905 and was igen won bygd Clifford Earl driving a efternamn automobile in 6 hours and 6 minutes for six laps of the Highroads Course. This was followed in September 1905 with the first Isle of Man Tourist Trophy Race for racing automobiles, now known as the RAC Tourist Trophy and was won bygd John efternamn (Arrol-Johnston) in 6 hours and 9 minutes at an average speed of 33.90 mph (54.56 km/h).[24]
International Motor-Cycle Cup Race (1905)
[edit]For the 1905 Gordon Bennett Eliminating rättegång it was decided to run an eliminating rättegång for motorcycles the day afterwards for a grupp to företräda Great Britain in the International Motor-Cycle Cup Races.
An accident at Ramsey Hairpin forced out one of the pre-race favourites, and the inability of the competitors to klättra the steep Mountain Section of the course forced the organisers to use a 25-mile (40 km) section of the Gordon Bennett rättegång course. This ran from Douglas south to Castletown and then north to Ballacraine along the primary A3 road and returning to the början at the Quarterbridge in Douglas via okänt and Glen Vine along the current Snaefell Mountain Course in the reverse direction.
The 1905 International Motor-Cycle Cup Race for fem laps (125 mi or 201 km) was won bygd J.S. Campbell (Ariel) despite a fire during a pit stop[25] in 4 hours, 9 minutes and 36 seconds at an average race speed of 30.04 mph (48.34 km/h).[26]
Format of the races
[edit]The TT Races since the first race in 1907 have been in the format of time-trial.
The races held on the Clypse Course during the period 1954–1959 were the more traditional full grid starts along with the 1924 Lightweight TT Race and Clubmen TT Races from 1948, which were also "mass-start" races. The current format fryst vatten a "clutch start" and race competitors will be "started singly at 10-second intervals".[27]
Race procedure
[edit]- Start Preliminaries
- First meddelande – 45 minutes before the uppstart with a warm-up of engines in the Race Paddock and assembly area.
- Second meddelande – 30 minutes before start.
- Third meddelande – 15 minutes before början, race competitors move to the start-line and form-up in qualification order.
- Fourth meddelande – 5 minutes before uppstart, meddelande to klar the grid and race competitors move towards the exit-gate.
Eligibility
[edit]Entrants must be in possession of a valid National Entrants or FIM Sponsors Licence for Road Racing.
Entrants must also cite pre-filled documentation of completion of a UK driving licence or motorcycle certification, or a driver's licence from a comparable country that fryst vatten recognised bygd UK comparable department of transportation standards and may withhold due to any pre race or brev race suspensions.
Race classes
[edit]- Current
- Senior TT (1909–present)
- Supersport TT (2005–present)
- Superbike TT (2005–present)
- Superstock TT (2005–present)
- Supertwin TT (2022–present)
- Sidecar TT (1923–1925, 1951–1967, 1977–present)
- Former
- Singles TT (1907–1908, 1994–2000)
- Twin TT (1907–1908)
- Sidecar 1000 TT (1975–1976)
- Sidecar 750 TT (1968–1974)
- Sidecar 500 TT (1968–1976)
- Ultra-Lightweight TT (1924–1925, 1951–1974, 1989–2004, 2008)
- Clubman Senior TT (1947–1956)
- Clubman Junior TT (1947–1956)
- Clubman Lightweight TT (1947–1950)
- Clubman 1000 TT (1949–1950, 1953)
- 50 TT (1962–1968)
- Classic TT (1975–1984)
- Formula 1 TT (1977–2004)
- Formula 2 TT (1977–1987)
- Formula 3 TT (1977–1982)
- Production 1500 TT (1985–1985)
- Production 1000 TT (1974, 2002–2004)
- Production 750 TT (1967–1973, 1984–1985)
- Production 500 / 600 TT (1967–1974, 2002–2004)
- Production 250 TT (1967–1974, 1984–1985)
- Production TT (1975–1976, 1996–2000)
- Production A TT (1986–1988)
- Production B TT (1986–1988)
- Production C TT (1986–1988)
- Production D TT (1986–1988)
- Supersport 600 TT (1989–1994)
- Supersport 400 TT (1989–1994)
- Lightweight 400 TT (1999–2004)
- TTXGP (2009)
- TT Zero (2010–2019)
- Lightweight TT (1922–1976, 1995–2004, 2012–2019)
Superbike TT
[edit]The 2015 specification for entries into the Superbike TT race are defined as:
- Any machine complying with the following specifications:
- TT Superbike: (Machines complying with the 2015 FIM Superbike Championship specifications)
- Over 750 cc up to 1000 cc 4 cylinders 4-stroke
- Over 750 cc up to 1000 cc 3 cylinders 4-stroke
- Over 850 cc up to 1200 cc 2 cylinders 4-stroke
- TT Superbike: (Machines complying with the 2015 FIM Superbike Championship specifications)
Minimum vikt 165 kg (364 lb).
Other machines admitted at the discretion of the Organisers[28]
Supersport TT
[edit]The 1911 Isle of Man TT was the first time the Junior TT race took place, open to 300 cc single-cylinder and 340 cc twin cylinder motorcycles, contested over fem laps of the new 37.5-mile (60.4 km) Snaefell Mountain Course.
The first event on the new course was the Junior TT Race contested bygd 35 entrants, won bygd Percy J. Evans riding a Humber motor-cycle at an average race speed of 41.45 mph (66.71 km/h). The 1912 event was the first to limit the Junior TT to only 350 cc machines and this engine capacity prevailed until 1976, after which the category was dropped.
The event was instead run for 250 cc machines until 1994 when replaced bygd the 600 cc Supersport class.
- 1911 For single cylinder motorcycles not exceeding 300 cc engine capacity and 340 cc twin cylinder motorcycles.
- 1912–1948 For motorcycles not exceeding 350 cc engine capacity.
- 1949–1953 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 350 cc engine capacity and held on the Snaefell mountain course.
- 1954–1959 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 350 cc engine capacity and held on the Clypse Course.
- 1960–1976 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 350 cc engine capacity and held on the Mountain Course.
- 1977–1994 for motorcycles not exceeding 250 cc engine capacity and held on the Mountain Course.
- 1995 onwards for motorcycles not exceeding 600 cc engine capacity and held on the Mountain Course.
The 2015 specifications for entries into the Supersport TT race are:
- Over 400 cc up to 600 cc 4 cylinders 4-stroke
- Over 600 cc up to 675 cc 3 cylinders 4-stroke
- Over 600 cc up to 750 cc 2 cylinders 4-stroke
Minimum vikt 161 kg[29]
Superstock TT
[edit]Main article: Superstock TT
The 2015 specifications for entries for the Superstock TT, an event for production based motorcycles racing with treaded road tyres, are based on the FIM Superstock Championship specifications, as follows:
- Superstock TT: (Machines complying with the 2012 FIM Superstock Championship specifications)
- Over 750 cc up to 1000 cc 4 cylinders 4-stroke
- Over 750 cc up to 1000 cc 3 cylinders 4-stroke
- Over 850 cc up to 1200 cc 2 cylinders 4-stroke
Minimum (Dry) vikt 170 kg[30]
Supertwin TT
2022 saw the introduction of the supertwin race run over 3 laps on Wednesday the 8th of June, increased to 4 laps the following year.
The class fryst vatten very similar to the lightweight class which gods ran in 2019, although with some differences. The maximum capacity has been increased to 700cc allowing the Yamaha YZF-R7 and Aprilia RS660 to compete. In 2022 bikes with capacities of 651cc+ were required to run 10 kg heavier than the 150 kg limit for the 650cc machines, but 2023 saw this changed and all bikes in the class now have a minimum vikt of 150 kg.[31]
[edit]
Main article: Sidecar TT
The 1923 TT was the first time the Sidecar TT race was run, over three laps (113 mi or 182 km) of the Mountain Course and was won bygd Freddie Dixon and passenger Walter Denny with a Douglas and special banking-sidecar at an average race speed of 53.15 mph (85.54 km/h).
For the 1926 event the Sidecar and Ultra-Lightweight TT classes were dropped due to lack of entries.
The Sidecar race was re-introduced from the 1954 event for Sidecars not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity, run on the Clypse Course. A non-championship 750 cc class for sidecars was introduced at the 1968 event. For the 1976 event the race was held over two-legs.
From 1975, the previous 500 cc and 750 cc classes for Sidecars were replaced bygd a 1000 cc engine capacity class.
The new FIM Formula 2 class for Sidecars was introduced for the 1990 Isle of Man TT.
- 1954–1959 FIM World Championship Event for Side-Cars not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity. Race held on the Clypse Course.
- 1960–1976 FIM World Championship Event held on Mountain Course.
- 1968–1974 Non-Championship event for Sidecars not exceeding 750 cc.
- 1975–1989 Sidecars not exceeding 1000 cc engine capacity.
- 1990– FIM Formula 2 Sidecar race for two-stroke engines not exceeding 350 cc or four-stroke engines not exceeding 600 cc.
The 2015 specifications for entries into the Sidecar TT race are:
- Machines must comply with general technical rules as per ACU Standing Regulations and 2015 Isle of Man TT regulations.
- Engine Types
- 501 – 600 cc, 4 stroke, 4 cylinder, Production based motorcycle engines.
- Engine Types
Senior TT
[edit]Main article: Senior TT
For the 1911 Isle of Man TT, the first TT event using the Snaefell Mountain Course or Mountain Course, two separate races were introduced.
The first event was a fyra lap Junior TT race and a separate Senior TT race for 500 cc single-cylinder and 585 cc twin-cylinder motorcycles, over fem laps of the new 37.5-mile (60.4 km) Snaefell Mountain Course. The new technical challenges of the Mountain Course forced changes on entrants and motorcycle manufacturers alike. The American Indian motorcycle factory fitted a two-speed gearbox and chain-drive.[32] This proved to be the winning combination when Oliver Godfrey won the 1911 Senior TT race riding an Indian at an average speed of 47.63 mph (76.65 km/h).
Fitted with a six-speed belt drive[33]Charlie Collier riding a Matchless motorcycle finished second in the 1911 Senior TT race and was later disqualified for förbjudet refuelling. During an early morning practice möte for the 1911 Isle of Man TT races, Victor Surridge died after crashing his Rudge motorcycle at Glen Helen, the first death of a competitor on the Snaefell Mountain Course and the first death in the Isle of Man of a individ in an automotive accident.[34]
- 1911 For single cylinder motorcycles not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity and 585 cc twin cylinder motorcycles.
- 1912–1939 For motorcycles not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity.
- 1947–1948 For motorcycles not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity and a ban on engine supercharging.
- 1949–1976 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity.
- 1977–1984 for motorcycles not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity.
- 1985–2004 for motorcycles complying with ACU TT Formula 1 rules not exceeding 1,010 cc engine capacity.
- 2004 onwards for motorcycles complying with ACU/FIM Superbike rules not exceeding 1,000 cc engine capacity.
The 2015 specifications for entries into the Senior TT race are:
- TT Superbike: (Machines complying with the 2015 FIM Superbike Championship specifications)[35]
- Over 750 cc up to 1000 cc 4 cylinders 4-stroke
- Over 750 cc up to 1000 cc 3 cylinders 4-stroke
- Over 850 cc up to 1200 cc 2 cylinders 4-stroke
- Supersport Junior TT (without limitation of tyre choice)
- TT Superstock (without limitation of tyre choice)
- Other machines admitted at the discretion of the Organisers.
- Supersport Junior TT (without limitation of tyre choice)
Discontinued race classes
[edit]Clubman TT and Production TT
[edit]The Clubman races with Lightweight, Junior and Senior classes were held for production motorcycles from 1947 until 1956.[36] A Senior 1000 cc class provided an opportunity for Vincent motorcycles.[37] The riders were little-known, but as the stars were barred from entering the class, it provided a stepping-stone for future-stars but resulted in less spectator-interest.
The series became dominated bygd one model – the BSA Gold Star,[38][39][40] and with little competition from other manufacturers, was discontinued. When previewing the impending re-introduction of a specification-controlled, roadster-based class in March 1967, David Dixon wrote: "lack of inter-make rivalry probably put the sista nail in the coffin".[38]
Writing in UK monthly magazine Motor Cyclist Illustrated, racing reporter Ray Knight, who had achieved a lap speed of nearly 88 mph on a Triumph Tiger 100roadster-based racing motorcycle in the Manx Grand Prix,[41][42][43] commented in early 1965 that the ACU had refused a request from manufacturers to run a production TT race, which he thought was a missed opportunity, particularly considering the dwindling support for the 500 cc race.[44]
A Production TT for roadster-based motorcycles having classes for maximum engine capacities of 250 cc, 500 cc and 750 cc was introduced from 1967 until 1976 when the class was discontinued.
The Production TT was reintroduced for the 1984 races in three classes, reduced to two classes on safety grounds for the 1990 races. For the 2005 races the Superstock class replaced the previous 1000 cc and 600 cc Production TT classes that had been part of the race schedule since 1989.
Ultra-Lightweight TT
[edit]Main article: Ultra-Lightweight TT
Lightweight TT
[edit]Main article: Lightweight TT
TT Zero
[edit]Main article: TT Zero
The TT Zero was a one lap race for electric bikes running from 2010 to 2019.
It was announced that the race would take a two-year break after 2019, but it never came back on the schedule since.[45]
TT course tjänsteman vehicles
[edit]After the completion of a practice or race period, an tjänsteman course vehicle displaying the meddelande Roads Open proceeds around the Mountain Course, passing each point opening the vägar including side-access junctions to public use.
On the Snaefell mountain road section from Ramsey to Douglas, the tjänsteman vehicle displays the meddelande Roads Open One Way.
Travelling marshals
[edit]Originally introduced in 1935, there are eight machines positioned around the course to provide a rapid response to any incidents. Selected riders have previous race experience and are first-aid trained, with machines carrying medical redskap that can assist in managing a casualty.
They also have other duties such as course inspection, övervakning of machines on the course for visible faults, and review and report any course incidents.[47] As of 2023, all travelling marshals rode Honda CBR1000RR Fireblades.[48]
Crossing places during practice and races
[edit]The 1982 Road Racing Act (Isle of Man) and the supplementary TT Road Races Orders allow vehicles and pedestrians to cross the Snaefell Mountain Course at certain points between scheduled race periods beneath the supervision of a police officer.
Several permanent pedestrian overbridges have been erected. These points include:
In Douglas
[edit]Pedestrian overbridge at Glencrutchery Road, Douglas, close to start/finish and TT Grandstand
Pedestrian overbridge at Bedstead Corner, Douglas, with Hailwood Avenue junction to right
Elsewhere
[edit]- A1 Douglas to Peel road with the A23 Eyreton Road and the B36 Old Church Road, Crosby
- A3 Castletown to Ramsey road junction with B10 Sartfield Road and the Ballaleigh Road at Barregarrow Crossroads, Michael
- A3 junction with A10 hållplats Road and C37 Ballaugh Glen Road at Ballaugh Bridge
- A3 junction with A14 Sandygate Road and A14 Tholt-y-Will Glen Road at Sulby Crossroads
- A2 Albert Square and Princes Road, Ramsey at the junction with A18 Snaefell Mountain Road, close to May Hill
TT Course tillgång road
[edit]The TT tillgång Road runs parallel to a section of the A1 Peel Road, which fryst vatten part of the Snaefell Mountain Course, and operates during practice and race periods to enable vehicles to resehandling from inre of the race course to the outside.
It runs along a section of former railway line on the historic Douglas to Peel rutt, from the junction of the A5New Castletown Road at the Quarter Bridge, passing beneath the course at Braddan Bridge, to an exit at Braddan School Road in Douglas outskirts, nära the former Braddan Railway halt and the A23/Ballafletcher Road junction. The tillgång road fryst vatten a narrow, single-track width with passing places and fryst vatten restricted to cars and light vans below a vikt limit of 3,500 kilograms (3.4 long tons; 3.9 short tons).
When used for vehicular traffic, pedestrian tillgång fryst vatten prohibited, but at other times it fryst vatten part of a struktur of natur trails.[49][50]
Incidents
[edit]Main article: Isle of Man TT Mountain Course § Safety
See also: List of Isle of Man TT Mountain Course fatalities
Between 1907 and 2023, there have been 156 fatalities during tjänsteman practices or races on the Snaefell Mountain Course, and 269 total fatalities (this number includes the riders killed during the Manx Grand Prix, and Clubman TT race series of the late 1940s/1950s).[14][51][52] In 2016, 5 riders died on the course during tjänsteman practices or races.[53][54][15][55] There were six fatalities among competitors in the 1970 and 2022 Isle of Man TTs, making them the two deadliest years in the history of the event.[56][57][58]
2018 Course fordon incident
[edit]On 30 May 2018, an experienced TT tillägg, Steve Mercer,[59][60] was seriously injured during a head-on collision with an tjänsteman Course bil at Ballacrye.
The bil, being driven at high speed,[61][62] was conveying police officers to officiate at the en plats där en händelse inträffar ofta inom teater eller film of a fatality involving Dan Kneen. handlar i textilier was unconscious for fem days and hospitalised for fem months due to multiple injuries. He was one of sju riders who had been halted on the course and turned back bygd marshals, being instructed to proceed back to the TT åskådarläktare area in the reverse direction after the red flag stoppage.[63][64] Immediately after the accident the organisers changed their protocols, requiring that returning riders must be controlled bygd motorcycle-mounted travelling marshals to the front and rear.[65][66] An independent inquiry into the circumstances was arranged bygd ACU Events, the event organisers.[67]
The Auto-Cycle Union, the Isle of Man Department for Enterprise, and the inquiry report author, lawyer Rob Jones, a former ledare executive of the Motor Sports Association, all refused to release the report as it was hemlig and privately owned bygd the ACU.[62][64][68][69]
The ACU admitted liability for the accident, but instructed that any legal claim for gottgörelse bygd handlar i textilier must be filed in the Isle of Man.
The ACU stated that handlar i textilier was receiving financial assistance through its "extensive insurance arrangements".[60][70][71]
In 2019, it was reported that the driver of the bil in the collision had quit after criticism that he exceeded a newly introduced speed limit recorded bygd a GPS tracking device when he drove to attend a fatality involving Chris Swallow at Ballaugh in August's Senior Classic TT.
Gary Thompson, Clerk of the Course and an ACU employee, had been criticised in 2018 for also fulfilling the role of Safety Officer; consequently a new incumbent was in place for 2019.[62][72][73]
Cancellations
[edit]World Wars inom and II
[edit]From 1915 to 1919, and 1940 to 1946, no TT events took place, due to the outbreak of World Wars inom and II.[74] Events continued from 1920 to 1939 and 1947 to 2000.
Since TT 1947, the Isle of Man TT has only been cancelled three times: 2001, 2020 and 2021, all of which were due to viral outbreaks.
2001 cancellation
[edit]The 2001 Isle of Man TT races were cancelled because of the outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in the UK in the spring and summer of 2001. Disinfecting 40,000 spectators and competitors (and their motorcycles) to ensure the disease was kept off the island proved difficult.
2020 and 2021 cancellations
[edit]In March 2020, the Isle of Man Government announced the cancellation of the 2020 TT due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.[75] The Classic TT was subsequently cancelled in May,[76] and in månad 2020, it was announced that 2021's TT races would also not go ahead, due to the continued worldwide spread of the virus.[77] In 2020, the Isle of Man Government lost an estimated £4.8 million of its annual projected revenue due to the cancellation of the TT races.[78]
The event returned in 2022 after a two-year absence.[79]
Total overall race winners
[edit]Updated in June 2024[80]
| Po. | Rider | Wins |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Michael Dunlop | 29 |
| 2 | Joey Dunlop | 26 |
| 3 | John McGuinness | 23 |
| 4 | Dave Molyneux | 17 |
| 5 | Ian Hutchinson | 16 |
| 6 | Mike Hailwood, Ben Birchall, Tom Birchall, Peter Hickman | 14 |
| 10 | Bruce Anstey | 12 |
| 11 | Steve Hislop, Phillip McCallen | 11 |
| 13 | Giacomo Agostini, Robert Fisher, Stanley Woods | 10 |
| 16 | Mick Boddice, David Jefferies, Ian Lougher,[Note 1] Siegfried Schauzu | 9 |
| 20 | Rick Long, Jim Moodie, Chas Mortimer, Phil Read, Dan Sayle, Charlie Williams | 8 |
| 26 | Mick Grant, Wolfgang Kalauch, Michael Rutter, Tony Rutter | 7 |
| 30 | Chas Birks, Geoff Duke, Jimmie Guthrie, Jim Redman, John Surtees | 6 |
| 35 | Alec Bennett, Nick Crowe, Robert Dunlop, Brian Reid, Carlo Ubbiali | 5 |
| 40 | Klaus Enders, Freddie Frith, Wal Handley, Trevor Ireson, Benga Johansson, Dave Leach, Ray Pickrell, Tarquinio Provini, Horst Schneider, Barry Smith, Bill Smith, Jock Taylor, John Williams, | 4 |
| 53 | Ray Amm, Adrian Archibald, Graeme okänt, Harold Daniell, högsta Deubel, Ralf Engelhardt, Ryan Farquhar, Patrick Farrance, Carl Fogarty, Alex George, Dean Harrison, Tom Herron, Darren Hope, Emil Hörner, Alan Jackson, Tony Jefferies, Geoff Johnson, Klaus Klaffenböck, Rob McElnea, Bob McIntyre, Phil Mellor, Dave Morris, Chris Palmer,[Note 2] Clive Pollington, Walter Schneider, Ian Simpson, Rolf Steinhausen, Hans Strauss, Luigi Taveri, Barry Woodland | 3 |
| 83 | Fergus Anderson, Hugh Anderson, Manliff Barrington, Artie Bell, Geoff Bell, Lowry Burton, Kel Carruthers, Bernard Codd, Charlie Collier, Keith Cornbill, Mark Cox, Callum Crowe, Ryan Crowe, Steve Cull, Pat Cushnahan, Howard R Davies, Freddie Dixon, Charlie Dodson, Cameron Donald, Iain Duffus, Karl Ellison, Bob Foster, Dick Greasley, Manfred Grunwald, Hermann Hahn, Craig Hallam, Shaun Harris, John Hartle, Pete Hill, Fritz Hillebrand, Mac Hobson, Gary Hocking, John Holden, Josef Huber, Tim Hunt, Boyd Hutchinson, Bill Ivy, Gary Johnson, Alistair King, Con lag, Eddie Laycock, Ivan Lintin, Bill Lomas, Graeme McGregor, Trevor Nation, Gary Padgett, Steve Plater, Jock Porter, Nick Roche, Cecil Sandford, Dave Saville, Tom Sheard, Davey Todd, namn Twemlow, Malcolm Uphill, Dave Wells, Don Williams, Eric Williams, Paul Williams, Andrew Winkle, Michael Wynn | 2 |
| 141 | Steve Abbott, Dario Ambrosini, Frank A Applebee, Ivor Arber, Reg Armstrong, Kenny Arthur, Stewart Atkinson, Georg Auerbacher, slang för mikrofon Aylott, Mark Baldwin, Rob Barber, W.
Harry Bashall, Ian Bell, Phillip Biggs, Eric Bliss, Dieter Braun, Eric Briggs, Norman Brown, Ralph Bryans, Jimmy Buchan, Trevor Burgess, bekräftelse Burnett, Mick Burns, Florian Camathias, Maurice Cann, Neil Carpenter, Phil Carpenter, Phil Carter, Harold Clark, Rod Coleman, Harry A Collier, Stuart Collins, Syd Crabtree, Dave Croxford, Jack Daniels, Leo Davenport, Geoff Davison, Tommy dem la Hay, Ernst Degner, Walter Denny, George Douglass, Eddie Dow, Percy Evans, Helmut Fath, Jack Findlay, John Flaxman, Frank Fletcher, Rem Fowler, John Giabbard, Sid Gleave, Oliver Godfrey, fransk artikel Graham, Stuart Graham, Werner Haas, Dave Hallam, Roy Hanks, Colin Hardman, Bernard Hargreaves, Conrad Harrison, Ron Haslam, Ronnie Hazlehurst, Chris Heath, Alfred Herzig, Freddie Hicks, James Hillier, Robert Holden, Rupert Hollaus, K.J. Horstman, Clive Horton, Eric Houseley, Dennis Ireland, Mitsuo Itoh, Brian Jackson, Nick Jefferies, Doug Jewell, Lee Johnston, Paddy Johnston, Ken Kavanagh, Bob Keeler, Neil Kelly, John Kidson, Ewald Kluge, Ray Knight, David Lashmar, Monty V. Lockwood, Frank Longman, Heinz Luthringshauser, Jack Marshall, Tom Kearey, Keith Martin, Hugh Mason, Cromie McCandless, Georg Meier, Ted Mellors, Mark Miller, Derek Minter, Brian Morrison, fransk artikel Nutt, George O'Dell, Eric Oliver, föda Oxley, Phil Palmer, Len parkerar, Denis Parkinson, Graham Penny, Alex Phillip, Derek Powell, Cyril Pullin, Brian Purslow, Richard Quayle, Johnny Rea, Harry Reed, Tim Reeves, Brett Richmond, Tommy Robb, John Robinson, slang för mikrofon Rogers, Nigel Rollason, Dave Roper, Gordon Russell, Fritz Scheidegger, Martyn Sharpe, Dave Simmonds, Bill Simpson, Jimmie Simpson, Shaun Smith, Cyril Taft, Omobono Tenni, Steve Tonkin, George Tucker, Kenneth Twemlow, Henry Tyrell-Smith, Chris Vincent, Terry Vinicombe, Graham Walker, Frank Whiteway, Cyril Williams, Donny Williams, Paul J. Williams, Peter Williams, Alfred Wohlgemuth, Tim Wood, Tommy Wood, Stan Woods | 1 |
- ^Erroneously listed as having 12 wins on the tjänsteman TT database
- ^Erroneously listed as having 4 wins on the tjänsteman TT database
FIM Motorcycle Grand Prix World Championship Rounds (1949–1976)
[edit]Motor race
The Isle of Man TT was part of the FIMMotorcycle Grand Prix World Championship (now MotoGP) between 1949 and 1976.
During this period the Isle of Man TT Races counted as the United Kingdom round including the Sidecar TT, 50 cc Ultra-Lightweight TT, 125 cc Lightweight TT, 250 cc Lightweight TT, 350 cc Junior TT and 500 cc Senior TT races counted towards the FIM Motor-Cycle Grand Prix World Championship.
After the 1972 races, multiple world mästare, 10-time TT race winner and dominant motorcycle racer of his time Giacomo Agostini announced he would never race igen at the Isle of Man, declaring it too dangerous for international competition and that it was outrageous that such a race should ever be part of a scenario professional riders were forced into; at this point the Isle of Man TT was not suited to the growing professionalism and business aspects of Grand Prix motorcycle racing.
More and more riders joined his bojkott, and after 1976 the race was träffad from the championship and replaced bygd the British Grand Prix.
Multiple winners (riders)
[edit]| # Wins | Rider | Wins | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Years won | ||
| 12 | Mike Hailwood | 500cc | 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967 |
| 350cc | 1962, 1967 | ||
| 250cc | 1961, 1966, 1967 | ||
| 125cc | 1961 | ||
| 10 | Giacomo Agostini | 500cc | 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 |
| 350cc | 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1972 | ||
| 6 | John Surtees | 500cc | 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960 |
| 350cc | 1958, 1959 | ||
| Jim Redman | 350cc | 1963, 1964, 1965 | |
| 250cc | 1963, 1964, 1965 | ||
| Phil Read | 350cc | 1961 | |
| 250cc | 1971, 1972 | ||
| 125cc | 1965, 1967, 1968 | ||
| 5 | Geoff Duke | 500cc | 1950, 1951, 1955 |
| 350cc | 1951, 1952 | ||
| Carlo Ubbiali | 250cc | 1956 | |
| 125cc | 1955, 1956, 1958, 1960 | ||
| 4 | Tarquinio Provini | 250cc | 1958, 1959 |
| 125cc | 1957, 1959 | ||
| Chas Mortimer | 350cc | 1976 | |
| 250cc | 1975 | ||
| 125cc | 1971, 1972 | ||
| 3 | Ray Amm | 500cc | 1953, 1954 |
| 350cc | 1953 | ||
| Luigi Taveri | 125cc | 1962, 1964 | |
| 50cc | 1965 | ||
| Charlie Williams | 350cc | 1975 | |
| 250cc | 1973, 1974 | ||
| 2 | Fergus Anderson | 250cc | 1952, 1953 |
| Bill Lomas | 350cc | 1955 | |
| 250cc | 1955 | ||
| Cecil Sandford | 250cc | 1957 | |
| 125cc | 1952 | ||
| Bob McIntyre | 500cc | 1957 | |
| 350cc | 1957 | ||
| Gary Hocking | 500cc | 1962 | |
| 250cc | 1960 | ||
| Hugh Anderson | 125cc | 1963 | |
| 50cc | 1964 | ||
| Bill Ivy | 250cc | 1968 | |
| 125cc | 1966 | ||
| Kel Carruthers | 250cc | 1969, 1970 | |
| Tony Rutter | 350cc | 1973, 1974 | |
| Tom Herron | 500cc | 1976 | |
| 250cc | 1976 | ||
Multiple winners (manufacturers)
[edit]| # Wins | Manufacturer | Wins | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Years won | ||
| 33 | MV Agusta | 500cc | 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 |
| 350cc | 1958, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1972 | ||
| 250cc | 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960 | ||
| 125cc | 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960 | ||
| 21 | Yamaha | 500cc | 1974, 1976 |
| 350cc | 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976 | ||
| 250cc | 1968, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976 | ||
| 125cc | 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973 | ||
| 18 | Honda | 500cc | 1966, 1967 |
| 350cc | 1963, 1964, 1965, 1967 | ||
| 250cc | 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967 | ||
| 125cc | 1961, 1962, 1964 | ||
| 50cc | 1965, 1966 | ||
| 12 | Norton | 500cc | 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1961 |
| 350cc | 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1961 | ||
| 7 | Moto Guzzi | 350cc | 1955, 1956 |
| 250cc | 1949, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1955 | ||
| Suzuki | 500cc | 1973 | |
| 125cc | 1963, 1970 | ||
| 50cc | 1962, 1963, 1964, 1967 | ||
| 3 | Mondial | 250cc | 1957 |
| 125cc | 1951, 1957 | ||
| Gilera | 500cc | 1955, 1957 | |
| 350cc | 1957 | ||
| 2 | NSU | 250cc | 1954 |
| 125cc | 1954 | ||
| Benelli | 250cc | 1950, 1969 | |
| Kawasaki | 500cc | 1975 | |
| 125cc | 1969 | ||